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Category | : BACHELOR'S (HONOURS) DEGREE PROGRAMMES |
Sub Category | : Bachelor of Arts Urdu (Honours)(BAUDH) |
Products Code | : 6.12-BAUDH-ASSI |
HSN Code | : 490110 |
Language | : English, Hindi |
Author | : BMAP EDUSERVICES PVT LTD |
Publisher | : BMAP EDUSERVICES PVT LTD |
University | : IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University) |
Pages | : 20-25 |
Weight | : 157gms |
Dimensions | : 21.0 x 29.7 cm (A4 Size Pages) |
BPCG 176 Psychology of Gender is an essential course that explores the complex psychological aspects of gender and its effects on individual and societal behavior. Gender plays a significant role in shaping people’s identity, relationships, and interactions with the world around them. This course covers a variety of psychological theories and perspectives to understand how gender is developed, maintained, and expressed through individual experiences and social structures.
Gender, while often mistaken for biological sex, encompasses the roles, behaviors, and attributes that a society associates with an individual based on their sex. The psychological study of gender looks at how these gendered roles influence individuals' thoughts, actions, and perceptions. BPCG 176 delves into the psychological theories that explain how gender identity and gender roles are formed and their influence on everyday life.
The course aims to foster a comprehensive understanding of gender psychology, which explores the nature and nurture of gender identity, gender differences, and how individuals conform to or challenge socially prescribed gender norms. The importance of understanding these concepts is crucial in addressing issues related to gender equality, gender-based violence, and mental health.
One of the foundational topics in this course is the concept of gender identity. Gender identity refers to an individual’s deeply held sense of being male, female, or something else. While sex is biologically assigned at birth, gender identity is shaped by a combination of biological, social, and psychological factors.
The course discusses the development of gender identity in early childhood, through socialization processes and interactions with family, peers, and media. Psychological theories like gender schema theory and social learning theory will be explored in understanding how children learn to behave in ways deemed appropriate for their gender.
Psychological theories play an important role in understanding the differences between men and women in terms of behavior, cognition, and emotions. These differences are often linked to the traditional roles that men and women play in society.
Biological Theories: These theories suggest that gender differences are biologically determined through genetics, hormones, and brain structure. For example, the influence of testosterone and estrogen on behavior is discussed, as well as how evolutionary psychology explains gender differences in terms of survival and reproduction.
Social Learning Theory: Proposed by Albert Bandura, this theory emphasizes the role of learning in the development of gender roles. According to this theory, individuals learn gendered behaviors through observational learning and reinforcement from family, peers, and media. Children imitate gender-appropriate behaviors they see in others, and they are rewarded or punished for acting in ways that align with their gender.
Cognitive Development Theory: According to Lawrence Kohlberg, children actively construct their own understanding of gender through their cognitive development. This theory emphasizes the role of gender schemas—mental structures that help children organize and understand information related to gender.
Feminist and Social Constructivist Perspectives: These theories argue that gender roles are socially constructed and enforced through social institutions like the family, education, and media. Feminist psychology explores how power dynamics between genders shape gender inequality and how society's view of gender has evolved over time.
The process of gender socialization begins at birth and continues throughout a person's life. Parents, teachers, media, and peer groups all contribute to shaping how individuals experience and express their gender. Socialization teaches individuals the norms and expectations of their gender, shaping their self-perceptions and how they behave in social situations.
The course examines the influence of media representations of gender, focusing on how TV shows, movies, and advertisements shape societal views of masculinity and femininity. The portrayal of men and women in stereotypical roles (e.g., women as caregivers, men as providers) affects how children internalize these roles and how they perceive themselves and others.
Students will also explore gender stereotypes—widely held beliefs about the characteristics, behaviors, and roles of men and women—and how these stereotypes influence how individuals behave and how they are treated by others. The course also covers gender-based discrimination and prejudice, focusing on the psychological impact of such behaviors on mental health and social outcomes.
The course also delves into the psychological aspects of gender and mental health. Gendered experiences such as discrimination, societal pressure, and the internalization of gender norms can have significant effects on mental well-being. The course explores how mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, and eating disorders, may manifest differently in men and women due to societal expectations and pressures.
Additionally, the course examines the psychological effects of gender inequality and gender-based violence. The course addresses how patriarchal structures and gendered power dynamics contribute to mental health issues, especially in marginalized gender groups. The stigma surrounding gender non-conformity and LGBTQ+ identities will also be discussed in terms of how they affect mental health outcomes.
Finally, the course explores the growing movement towards gender equality and how social attitudes toward gender roles are evolving. Feminist movements, gender-neutral policies, and the increasing recognition of non-binary and transgender identities are part of the changing landscape of gender psychology.
This section encourages students to critically examine their own beliefs about gender and how these beliefs contribute to both personal behaviors and societal norms. Students will also explore how gender-inclusive policies, educational initiatives, and advocacy efforts aim to dismantle harmful gender norms and promote gender equity.
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