The MHI 109 Indian National Movement assignment solution offers a thorough examination of the Indian National Movement from its early beginnings in the mid-19th century to the Indian independence in 1947. This solution, aligned with IGNOU guidelines, provides students with a detailed understanding of the political, social, and economic factors that contributed to India’s struggle for freedom and how the movement evolved through different phases.

The study begins with an exploration of the early phase of the Indian National Movement, starting with the First War of Independence in 1857. The solution discusses how the Sepoy Mutiny marked a significant turning point in India’s relationship with the British, leading to the end of Company rule and the beginning of direct British rule in India. The study examines the causes of the revolt, the role of Indian soldiers and revolutionaries in fighting British imperialism, and its aftermath. While the mutiny was suppressed, it ignited a sense of nationalism and anti-colonial sentiment among Indians.

The solution then focuses on the formation of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885, which became the primary platform for articulating Indian political demands. Initially, the Congress functioned as a moderate organization that sought reforms within the framework of the British Empire. However, over time, it shifted toward a more radical approach, advocating for self-rule and Indian independence. Key events such as the Partition of Bengal (1905) and the rise of extremist leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Lala Lajpat Rai are explored, as they galvanized public opinion and laid the foundation for more organized resistance to British colonial rule.

The study then shifts to the Gandhian phase, which played a pivotal role in shaping the Indian freedom struggle. The solution delves into Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violent resistance and satyagraha and its impact on the movement. Gandhi’s return to India from South Africa in 1915 marked the beginning of a new chapter in India’s quest for independence. The solution examines Gandhi’s leadership in key movements such as the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922), the Salt March (1930), and the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934). The study focuses on how Gandhi mobilized millions of Indians through non-violent protests, boycotts of British goods, and acts of civil disobedience, creating a mass movement for independence that transcended social and religious divides.

The solution also covers the Quit India Movement (1942), a significant turning point in the Indian freedom struggle. The study examines how, under the leadership of Gandhi, the Congress launched a campaign demanding immediate British withdrawal from India. The movement was met with severe repression, but it galvanized Indian public opinion and led to increased support for the cause of independence.

The solution further analyzes the contributions of other prominent leaders such as Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, Sardar Patel, and Bhagat Singh. Nehru’s role in advocating for Indian secularism, democracy, and his efforts to establish a socialist state are discussed, along with his leadership in the Indian National Congress. The study also examines Bose’s more radical approach to gaining independence, including his leadership of the Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army) and his collaboration with Japan during World War II to challenge British rule. Sardar Patel’s role in unifying India after independence, and his contribution to the integration of princely states, is also explored.

The solution looks at the role of the Indian masses, including women, peasants, and workers, in the freedom struggle. Women’s participation in movements like the Salt March and the Quit India Movement is highlighted, as well as the involvement of labor unions and peasant organizations in organizing protests against British policies. The study also covers the economic conditions during British rule, including poverty, famines, and economic exploitation, and how these factors contributed to the rise of nationalism.

Finally, the solution addresses the partition of India in 1947 and the impact of independence on the political, social, and cultural fabric of India. The partition resulted in the creation of Pakistan and led to widespread violence, displacement, and communal tensions. The solution examines the political decisions that led to partition and the challenges faced by India after gaining independence.

For students seeking more personalized support, a custom handwritten option is available. This option allows students to receive tailored insights into specific aspects of the Indian National Movement, such as Gandhi’s leadership, the role of leaders like Nehru and Bose, or the economic impact of British rule.