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Category | : FOUR-YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMMES |
Sub Category | : कला स्नातक (संस्कृत) (BAFSK) |
Products Code | : 4.9-BAFSK-ASSI |
HSN Code | : 490110 |
Language | : Hindi |
Author | : BMAP EDUSERVICES PVT LTD |
Publisher | : BMAP EDUSERVICES PVT LTD |
University | : IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University) |
Pages | : 20-25 |
Weight | : 157gms |
Dimensions | : 21.0 x 29.7 cm (A4 Size Pages) |
The CVG 004: वैदिक रेखागणित एवं त्रिकोणमिति assignment provides a comprehensive study of Vedic Geometry and Trigonometry, exploring how ancient Indian scholars developed mathematical methods to solve geometric and trigonometric problems. These principles were foundational for the construction of sacred altars, temples, and astronomical predictions, and they influenced the development of later mathematical thought in India and around the world.
Introduction to Vedic Geometry and Trigonometry: The assignment begins with an introduction to the Vedic approach to geometry and trigonometry. Vedic geometry refers to the geometric principles found in ancient texts, such as the Sulba Sutras, which were primarily concerned with ritual constructions. These texts also laid the foundation for some of the most significant geometric and trigonometric discoveries in ancient India.
The Vedic system of geometry was based on the practical application of geometrical shapes and measurements, particularly in relation to the construction of sacrificial altars (yajnas) and temples. Trigonometry, while not explicitly named in Vedic texts, was an important part of the mathematical methods used to solve real-world problems, particularly in astronomy and architecture.
Sulba Sutras and Geometric Principles: The Sulba Sutras, a set of ancient texts associated with Vedic rituals, are key sources for understanding the geometric methods used in Vedic mathematics. These texts provide detailed instructions on the construction of sacrificial altars, which required precise geometrical knowledge to achieve correct proportions and dimensions.
One of the most significant contributions of the Sulba Sutras is the Pythagorean theorem, which was discovered in India centuries before Pythagoras. The Sulba Sutras describe methods for constructing right-angled triangles with specific areas, and the Pythagorean relation (a² + b² = c²) is used to ensure the accuracy of these constructions. The assignment explores these early examples of geometric proofs and how they were applied to practical problems in religious rituals.
In addition to the right-angled triangles, the Sulba Sutras also describe the construction of circles, squares, and rectangles, as well as the methods for determining their areas. These geometric principles were not only used in temple construction but also played a significant role in shaping the Vedic worldview of cosmic order and symmetry.
Trigonometric Concepts in Vedic Texts: The assignment explores how trigonometric concepts such as sine, cosine, and tangent were used in Vedic mathematics, even though they were not formally defined as we know them today. The sine (known as Jya) was used in astronomical calculations, particularly to measure the angle between celestial bodies. The Jya and Kosha (its complement) were used to describe the relationships between angles in right-angled triangles, laying the foundation for the later development of trigonometric functions.
The surya siddhanta, a key astronomical text, incorporates trigonometric principles in its calculation of planetary movements, eclipses, and timing of rituals. The assignment examines how Vedic astronomers utilized these early trigonometric principles to predict celestial events and their significance in religious practices.
Applications of Geometry and Trigonometry: The practical applications of geometry and trigonometry in Vedic culture were wide-ranging, especially in the construction of temples, sacrificial altars, and ritual sites. The Sulba Sutras provided precise instructions for building rectangular and circular altars, which were considered sacred for performing yajnas. These constructions required exact geometric measurements to maintain symmetry and alignment with cosmic principles.
In addition to ritual purposes, geometry and trigonometry were essential in the design and construction of temples, which often incorporated complex geometric patterns and alignments. The Vedic period also saw the development of astronomy, where trigonometric methods were used to understand the movement of the sun, moon, and planets, and to calculate eclipses and other astronomical phenomena.
This assignment adheres to IGNOU guidelines, providing students with a comprehensive understanding of Vedic Geometry and Trigonometry and their impact on ancient Indian rituals, architecture, and astronomy. The study of these early mathematical methods allows students to appreciate the depth and precision of Vedic mathematics and its lasting influence on global mathematical traditions.
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